* * *
The
chapter analyzes patent law in Czechoslovakia in the period from 1945 until the
end of communist rule in 1989. In addition to reviewing the legislative
development of patent law – the laws on the books – the chapter explains the
law in action, which includes the application of the law in practice and the
attitudes of Czechoslovak society toward inventive activities and patenting.
The chapter shows that post-1945 Czechoslovak patent law drew on a highly
developed pre-1940 Czechoslovak patent law and practice that was based on the
Austrian patent law inherited by Czechoslovakia in 1918 when it split from the
Austro-Hungarian Empire. Although Czechoslovak patent experts after 1948 were
under severe pressure to adopt the Soviet patent law model, it was not until
1972 that the Soviet model was fully imposed upon the Czechoslovak patent
system. Notwithstanding the political distortions forced upon the Czechoslovak
patent system in the 1950s, 1970s and 1980s, the legacy of a high level of
technical expertise developed under the Austro-Hungarian Empire survived in
Czechoslovakia in large measure through the end of communist rule in 1989.
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